Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions: Emissions incl. transportation and bag.

Material

Material is included.

Production

Production is included.

Distribution

Distribution is included.

Use

Use is not included.

End of life

End of life is not included.

  Carbon Footprint (CO2e)

We focus on carbon footprint (CO2e), the decisive factor affecting climate change. However, other dimensions should be taken in account before taking decisions, e.g. the water, the waste and the land footprint as well as the ethical perspective. Click here to learn more about CO2e.

Sources

  1. Berners-Lee, M. (2011). How bad are bananas?: the carbon footprint of everything. Greystone Books. ISBN: 1553658329, 9781553658320

  2. Chiriaco, M. V., Grossi, G., Castaldi, S., & Valentini, R. (2017). The contribution to climate change of the organic versus conventional wheat farming: A case study on the carbon footprint of wholemeal bread production in Italy. Journal of cleaner production, 153, 309-319. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.111

  3. Berners-Lee, M. (2010). What's the carbon footprint of ... using a mobile phone? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/jun/09/carbon-footprint-mobile-phone

  4. Espinoza-Orias, N., Stichnothe, H., & Azapagic, A. (2011). The carbon footprint of bread. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 16(4), 351-365. (977 to 1.244 g CO2 eq). URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-011-0271-0

  5. ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH (2020). Ecological footprint of food and dishes in Germany. URL: https://www.ifeu.de/projekt/oekologischer-fussabdruck-von-lebensmitteln-und-gerichten-in-deutschland/

  6. Jensen, J. K., & Arlbjørn, J. S. (2014). Product carbon footprint of rye bread. Journal of cleaner production, 82, 45-57. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652614006490