Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions: Average veggie burger.

Material

Material is included.

Production

Production is included.

Distribution

Distribution is included.

Use

Use is included.

End of life

End of life is not included.

  Carbon Footprint (CO2e)

We focus on carbon footprint (CO2e), the decisive factor affecting climate change. However, other dimensions should be taken in account before taking decisions, e.g. the water, the waste and the land footprint as well as the ethical perspective. Click here to learn more about CO2e.

Sources

  1. Eat Organic Quote: Food’s Carbon Footprint (2020) Food’s Carbon Footprint. URL: http://www.greeneatz.com/foods-carbon-footprint.html

  2. Berners-Lee, M. (2011). How bad are bananas?: the carbon footprint of everything. Greystone Books. ISBN: 1553658329, 9781553658320

  3. Cascio, J, (2008). The Cheeseburger Footprint. (Cheeseburger = 3.6-6.1 kg CO2e): URL: http://openthefuture.com/cheeseburger_CF.html; cascio@openthefuture.com

  4. Berners-Lee, M. (2010). What's the carbon footprint of ... using a mobile phone? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/jun/09/carbon-footprint-mobile-phone

  5. DeWeerdt, S. (2009). Is local food better?. World Watch Magazine, 22(3), 6-10. URL: http://www.geopathfinder.com/IsLocalFoodBetter.pdf

  6. DMR - Business Statistics (2020). Interesting burgerking facts and statistics (2020). URL: https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/burger-king-statistics-facts/

  7. Wakeland, W., Cholette, S., & Venkat, K. (2012). Food transportation issues and reducing carbon footprint. In Green technologies in food production and processing (pp. 211-236). Springer, Boston, MA. URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1587-9_9

  8. Ketcham, C. (2017). Allan Savory's Holistic Management Theory Falls Short on Science. A critical look at the holistic managment and planned grazing theories of Allan Savory. The national magazine of the Sierra Club. URL: https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2017-2-march-april/feature/allan-savory-says-more-cows-land-will-reverse-climate-change

  9. Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual review of environment and resources, 37. URL: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608

  10. Environmental Working Group (2011). Climate and Environmental Impacts. Lifecycle Assesments: Methodology & Results. URL:http://static.ewg.org/reports/2011/meateaters/pdf/methodology_ewg_meat_eaters_guide_to_health_and_climate_2011.pdf

  11. Ketcham, C. (2017). Allan Savory's Holistic Management Theory Falls Short on Science. A critical look at the holistic managment and planned grazing theories of Allan Savory. Sierra Magazine. URL: https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2017-2-march-april/feature/allan-savory-says-more-cows-land-will-reverse-climate-change

  12. Environmental Working Group 2011). Climate and Environmental Impacts. URL: https://www.ewg.org/meateatersguide/a-meat-eaters-guide-to-climate-change-health-what-you-eat-matters/climate-and-environmental-impacts/

  13. Environmental Working Group (2011). Climate and Environmental Impacts. URL: https://www.ewg.org/meateatersguide/a-meat-eaters-guide-to-climate-change-health-what-you-eat-matters/climate-and-environmental-impacts/

  14. Virtanen, Y., Kurppa, S., Saarinen, M., Katajajuuri, J. M., Usva, K., Mäenpää, I., ... & Nissinen, A. (2011). Carbon footprint of food–approaches from national input–output statistics and a LCA of a food portion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(16), 1849-1856. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.07.001