Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions:

Material

Material is included.

Production

Incl. fuel and plain production.

Distribution

Incl. fuel distribution

Use

Incl. emissions from burning fuel

End of life

End of life is not included.

Sources

  1. EEA (2016). EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook — 2016. Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories – Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, section 1.A.3.a Aviation

  2. ECOINVENT (2018). Version 3.5, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Zurich, Switzerland. http://www.ecoinvent.org

  3. Hill, N. (2009). Guidelines to Defra/DECC's GHG Conversion Factors: Methodology Paper for Emission Factors." Department for Environment. Food and Rural Affairs. URL: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130403211646/http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/reporting/pdf/091013-guidelines-ghg-conversion-factors-method-paper.pdf

  4. IPCC (2013). IPCC Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. URL: http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Frontmatter_FINAL.pdf Jungbluth & Meili (2018). Recommendations for calculation of the global warming potential of aviation including the radiative forcing index, ESUservices, Schaffhausen, November 2018. URL: http://www.esuservices.ch/fileadmin/download/jungbluth-2018-IntJLCA-GWPaviation-recommendations.pdf Kettunen et al. (2005). Flight Efficiency Studies in Europe and the United States. 6th USA / Europe Seminar on ATM Research and Development Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 27 - 30 June, 2005. URL: http://www.atmseminar.org/ Kollmuss&Crimmins (2009). Carbon Offsetting & Air Travel – Part 2: Non-CO2 Emissions Calculations. Stockholm Environment Institute. SEI Discussion Paper, June 2009. URL: http://sei-us.org/Publications_PDF/SEICarbonOffsettingAirTravelPt2-09.pdf Messmer&Frischknecht (2016). Life Cycle Inventories of Air Transport Services, treeze, December 2016. Stolz, P., Messmer, A., & Frischknecht, R. (2016). Life cycle inventories of road and non‐road transport services. URL: http://treeze.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/Publications/Case_Studies/Mobility/544-LCI-Road-NonRoad-Transport-Services-v2.0.pdf

  5. EU, 2004 - Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 200. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

  6. ICAO (2018). International Civil Aviation Organization. Economic Development, Air Transport Monthly Monitor, July 2018 ICAODATA (2019). International Civil Aviation Organization statistical data base on the air transport industry. http://www.icaodata.com