Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions: Load of laundry, washed at 40°C and tumble-dried in a vented dryer.

Material

Input for electricity production.

Production

incl. electricity production.

Distribution

incl. electricity distribution.

Use

Washed at 40°C and tumble-dried in a vented dryer.

End of life

End of life is not included.

Sources

  1. Berners-Lee, M. (2011). How bad are bananas?: the carbon footprint of everything. Greystone Books. ISBN: 1553658329, 9781553658320

  2. Berners-Lee, M. (2010). What's the carbon footprint of ... using a mobile phone? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/jun/09/carbon-footprint-mobile-phone

  3. Cleanipedia (2019). 5 water & energy-saving tips for your washing machine. URL: https://www.cleanipedia.com/za/sustainability/5-water-energy-saving-tips-for-your-washing-machine.html [accessed 01 /2020].

  4. Novotny, V. (2011). Water and energy link in the cities of the future–achieving net zero carbon and pollution emissions footprint. Water Science and Technology, 63(1), 184-190. URL: https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/mazzeo/htm/sp_files/021209/(2)%20green%20legislation/Articles/carbonfootprintbasics_wsj_oct_2008.pdf

  5. Golden, J. S., Subramanian, V., Irizarri, G. M. A. U., White, P., & Meier, F. (2010). Energy and carbon impact from residential laundry in the United States. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 7(1), 53-73. DOI: 10.1080/19438150903541873

  6. Shahmohammadi, S., Steinmann, Z., Clavreul, J., Hendrickx, H., King, H., & Huijbregts, M. A. (2018). Quantifying drivers of variability in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of consumer products—a case study on laundry washing in Europe. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(10), 1940-1949. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1426-4

  7. The Guardian (2010). What's the carbon footprint of … a load of laundry? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/nov/25/carbon-footprint-load-laundry

  8. The Guardian (2010). What's the carbon footprint of ... a new car? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/sep/23/carbon-footprint-new-car

  9. Huang, R., Pei, J., Wang, L., Wu, X., & Ding, X. (2013). Consumer lifestyle approach to quantify CO2 emissions caused by domestic washing clothes. J Fiber Bioeng Inform, 6, 427-440. URL: 10.3993/jfbi12201307

  10. Hu, A. H., Lin, R. W., Huang, C. Y., & Wu, C. L. (2012). Carbon reduction assessment of a product service system: a case study of washing machines. In Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society (pp. 998-1001). Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3010-6_211