Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions: Carbon emissions of 1 kg rice. Including emission form agriculture, transport, processing fertilizer and methane from paddy fields.

Material

Material is included.

Production

Incl. methan from paddy fields

Distribution

Distribution is included.

Use

Use is not included.

End of life

End of life is not included.

  Carbon Footprint (CO2e)

We focus on carbon footprint (CO2e), the decisive factor affecting climate change. However, other dimensions should be taken in account before taking decisions, e.g. the water, the waste and the land footprint as well as the ethical perspective. Click here to learn more about CO2e.

Sources

  1. Eat Organic Quote: Food’s Carbon Footprint (2020) Food’s Carbon Footprint. URL: http://www.greeneatz.com/foods-carbon-footprint.html

  2. Brooks, M., Foster, C., Holmes, M., & Wiltshire, J. (2011). Does consuming seasonal foods benefit the environment? Insights from recent research. Nutrition Bulletin, 36(4), 449-453. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01932.x

  3. DeWeerdt, S. (2009). Is local food better?. World Watch Magazine, 22(3), 6-10. URL: http://www.geopathfinder.com/IsLocalFoodBetter.pdf

  4. Wakeland, W., Cholette, S., & Venkat, K. (2012). Food transportation issues and reducing carbon footprint. In Green technologies in food production and processing (pp. 211-236). Springer, Boston, MA. URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1587-9_9

  5. Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual review of environment and resources, 37. URL: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608

  6. Xu, X., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Xue, Y., & Di, B. (2013). Carbon footprints of rice production in five typical rice districts in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(4), 227-232. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1872203213000383

  7. Xu, X., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Xue, Y., & Di, B. (2013). Carbon footprints of rice production in five typical rice districts in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(4), 227-232. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872203213000383

  8. Virtanen, Y., Kurppa, S., Saarinen, M., Katajajuuri, J. M., Usva, K., Mäenpää, I., ... & Nissinen, A. (2011). Carbon footprint of food–approaches from national input–output statistics and a LCA of a food portion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(16), 1849-1856. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.07.001