Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions: Single use plastic bottle. Medium sized incl. manufacturing, packaging and transportation.

Material

Material is included.

Production

Production is included.

Distribution

Distribution is included.

Use

Use is not included.

End of life

End of life is not included.

  Carbon Footprint (CO2e)

We focus on carbon footprint (CO2e), the decisive factor affecting climate change. However, other dimensions should be taken in account before taking decisions, e.g. the water, the waste and the land footprint as well as the ethical perspective. Click here to learn more about CO2e.

Sources

  1. Alfarisi, S., & Primadasa, R. (2018). Carbon Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment of PET Bottle Manufacturing Process. Working paper.URL: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.684.9671&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  2. Botto, S. (2009). Tap water vs. bottled water in a footprint integrated approach. Nature precedings, 1-1. url. https://doi.org/10.1038/npre.2009.3407.1

  3. B. Koerner (2008). Wear Green, Drink Greenly. The eco-guide to responsible drinking. THE GREEN LANTERN. URL: https://amp.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_green_lantern/2008/03/wear_green_drink_greenly.html?via=gdpr-consent&via=gdpr-consent

  4. TAPP Water (2020). Glass vs plastic vs aluminium – what is the most sustainable choice? URL: https://tappwater.co/us/footprint-of-glass-vs-plastic-vs-aluminium-best-choice/

  5. Kumar, M., Sharma, L., & Vashista, P. (2014). Study on carbon footprint. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 4(1), 345-355. URL: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.587.823&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  6. Ustun odabasi, Sevde. (2016). PET Water Bottle: A Carbon Footprint Assessment. Conference: 1ST International Black Sea congress on environmental sciences (IBCESS). URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314100192_PET_Water_Bottle_A_Carbon_Footprint_Assessment

  7. Tapp Water (2019). What is the carbon footprint of bottled water? URL: https://tappwater.co/us/carbon-footprint-bottled-water/