Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions: One bottle of wine, incl. production, glass bottle, transportation and storage. Elaborate bottles, far distance transport by road (shipping is less significant).

Material

Material is included.

Production

Production is included.

Distribution

Distribution is included.

Use

Use is not included.

End of life

End of life is not included.

  Carbon Footprint (CO2e)

We focus on carbon footprint (CO2e), the decisive factor affecting climate change. However, other dimensions should be taken in account before taking decisions, e.g. the water, the waste and the land footprint as well as the ethical perspective. Click here to learn more about CO2e.

Sources

  1. Colman, T., & Päster, P. (2009). Red, white, and ‘green’: the cost of greenhouse gas emissions in the global wine trade. Journal of Wine Research, 20(1), 15-26. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/09571260902978493

  2. Berners-Lee, M. (2011). How bad are bananas?: the carbon footprint of everything. Greystone Books. ISBN: 1553658329, 9781553658320

  3. Berners-Lee, M. (2010). What's the carbon footprint of ... using a mobile phone? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/jun/09/carbon-footprint-mobile-phone

  4. Bosco, S., Di Bene, C., Galli, M., Remorini, D., Massai, R., & Bonari, E. (2011). Greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural phase of wine production in the Maremma rural district in Tuscany, Italy. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 6(2), 15. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Claudia_Di_Bene2/publication/269757626_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_the_agricultural_phase_of_wine_production_in_the_Maremma_rural_district_in_Tuscany_Italy/links/54b909ab0cf28faced62672a/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-the-agricultural-phase-of-wine-production-in-the-Maremma-rural-district-in-Tuscany-Italy.pdf

  5. Colman, T., & Paster, P. (2007). Red, white and'green': the cost of carbon in the global wine trade (No. 386-2016-22749, pp. 1-19). URL: 10.22004/ag.econ.37318

  6. Schlich, E. H. (2010, June). From vineyard to point of sale: allocation of energy use and CO2-emission to entire supply chains of wine. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference, American Association of Wine Economists. URL: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.370.1210&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  7. Saxe, H. (2010). LCA-based comparison of the climate footprint of beer vs. wine & spirits. Copenhagen: Institute of Food and Resource Economics. URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c044/8a4c5f1c915119c4171a8e56be1d64bd170c.pdf

  8. Pattara, C., Raggi, A., & Cichelli, A. (2012). Life cycle assessment and carbon footprint in the wine supply-chain. Environmental management, 49(6), 1247-1258. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9844-3